John Clark (spy)
John Clark was an American spy for George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. He ran an intelligence network around Philadelphia during the British occupation.
He began as a lieutenant in the 1st Continental Infantry (Pennsylvania Rifles) on January 1, 1776, and became a major in the 2nd Pennsylvania Battalion of the Flying Camp on September 14, 1776. Washington first took notice of him during the evacuation of Long Island and Manhattan. He was sent to cross Long Island Sound to scout troop movements on Long Island and became known for directing one of the Continental Army’s most important spy rings, which helped prevent Washington’s army from being destroyed at least three times.
Clark’s most important work occurred from September to December 1777. Despite a shoulder injury, he was tasked with gathering information on General Howe’s activities in Philadelphia. He formed a group of informants and couriers and sent Washington 30 detailed reports that helped the army respond to British moves. He also carried out a clever hoax, using a false name and posing as a Quaker Loyalist who would inform Howe about Americans; Howe was fooled and offered Clark support. Washington learned of the ruse and prepared a false report of American strengths to send to Howe. A courier carried information on Clark’s behalf as well.
In December, with his wound still healing and after more than a year away from his wife, Clark asked Washington to release him. Washington agreed and introduced Clark to Henry Laurens, who gave him a desk job as auditor of Army expenses. Clark then lived quietly for the rest of his life, keeping the names of his informants and couriers a secret.
This page was last edited on 3 February 2026, at 18:31 (CET).