1849 in paleontology

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Paleontology studies ancient life by looking at fossils. This short update highlights significant discoveries published in 1849. Many new fossil ants were described from Radoboj, Croatia (dating to the Burdigalian, Early Miocene). A single new fly, Plecia bucklandi, was described from Chattian France. Most of the ant names from Radoboj were later found to be the same as already known species, so they are considered synonyms of other ants.

- Attopsis anthracina (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — junior synonym of Oecophylla obesa
- Attopsis longipennis (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — junior synonym of Oecophylla obesa
- Attopsis longipes (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — junior synonym of Oecophylla obesa
- Attopsis nigra (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — junior synonym of Oecophylla obesa
- Formica imhoffii (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — junior synonym of Liometopum imhoffii
- Formica indurata (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Camponotus induratus
- Formica longiventris (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Casaleia longiventris
- Formica ocella (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Emplastus ocellus
- Formica ocella var. paulo major (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Emplastus ocellus
- Formica schmidtii (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Liometopum imhoffii
- Ponera affinis (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Liometopum imhoffii
- Ponera fuliginosa (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Liometopum imhoffii
- Ponera fuliginosa oeningensis (sp. nov.) from Oeningen, Germany — formicine ant (status noted as valid in the record)
- Ponera radobojana (sp. nov.) from Radoboj, Croatia — synonym of Liometopum imhoffii
- Plecia bucklandi (sp. nov.) from France (Chattian) — a valid new species of bibionid fly

In short, 1849 saw many new fossil ants named from Croatia, most of which were later identified as the same species within other ant groups, along with one newly described fly from France.