PKP class EW60

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EW60 are two three-car electric multiple units built in 1990 by Pafawag in Wrocław for Szybka Kolej Miejska in the Tricity area. They are standard-gauge trains that can be paired in multiple units with each other.

Configuration and design
- End cars: 404B and 405B (ra and rb, later updated to 404Bb and 405Bb). Middle car: 302B (s, later updated to 302Bb).
- Doors: four pairs of sliding doors on each side of every car, plus extra doors to access the driver’s cabs. No steps at the entrances to allow boarding from low platforms.
- Train setup: the two end cars are control cars and the middle car is a railcar.
- Passenger layout: open-plan interior with windbreaks and 164 plastic seats (later reduced).

Electrical and performance
- Power: 3,000 V DC from overhead lines, collected by two roof-mounted current collectors on the middle car; four traction motors.
- Original start-up and braking: resistor-based start, Oerlikon electro-pneumatic brakes, and dynamic resistor braking (no regenerative braking).
- Capacity and speed: built for suburban service with a top speed initially lower; after modernization, top speed was increased to 120 km/h and acceleration improved.

Service history
- Built as EW60-001 (May 7, 1990) and EW60-002 (July 5, 1990) for the Tricity area.
- Passenger services ran in the 1990s, were halted in 2000 for inspections, and the units were cannibalized for parts.
- In 2005, Masovian Railways bought both units to address rolling stock shortages.
- Major overhaul and modernization by Pesa/Mińsk Mazowiecki between 2006 and 2007: pulse start system installed, new braking system, better cooling, interior updates (monitoring, heating, bike racks, disabled-friendly features, a ramp, and a closed toilet), new front end, and air-conditioned driver cabins. The interior seats were reduced to 147 and the units were reclassified as 6WEb.

Later modernization
- A 2013 tender led to another modernization with Pesa, updating the start system to asynchronous motors and inverters, increasing the maximum speed to 120 km/h and improving acceleration (to about 1.1 m/s²). Other upgrades included moving heaters, a microprocessor control system, updated car bodies, more handrails, boarding aids for low platforms, and revised door configurations to better accommodate passengers with reduced mobility.

Notes
- The EW60 units faced challenges on lines with very low platforms, limiting where they could operate effectively after modernization.