Malay Singaporeans

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Malay Singaporeans are Singaporeans with Malay ancestry, including people from the Malay Archipelago. They are the second largest ethnic group in Singapore. About 545,500 Malays live in Singapore, making up roughly 13.5% of the resident population (2020). Malay is the national and official language of Singapore, and many Malays also speak English and Singlish.

Most Malays in Singapore are Muslims, with almost all (about 99%) following Islam. Smaller numbers are Christians or identify as having no religion, and a few follow other faiths.

Where they came from and who they are
Malays in Singapore come from many parts of Southeast Asia. The largest sub-group is the Javanese, but there are also significant communities with roots in Bugis, Minangkabau, Banjarese, Sundanese, Baweanese, Batak and other groups. Over time, many of these groups joined the Malay community and share common language, customs and religion. Some Malays trace their families to Johor, Sumatra, Riau Islands and other nearby regions.

Language and identity
Malay is the home language for about 15% of Singapore’s people and is taught as a mother tongue in schools. Singapore has its own Malay Language Council (MLCS) and follows Malay standards set in the region. A standard written form, Bahasa Baku, was promoted in the mid-20th century, but everyday Malay in Singapore often uses a mix of traditional and local forms. The language links Malays in Singapore with their roots in Johor and the Riau area, though it has its own distinctive Singaporean flavour.

Culture, festivals and food
Malays celebrate major Muslim festivals such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Hari Raya Haji. Ramadan bazaars and open houses during Eid are common, especially in areas like Geylang Serai. Popular Malay foods include Rendang, Ketupat, and Nasi Arab, along with festive sweets and local dishes. Community groups keep Malay arts alive, including Dikir Barat, a traditional singing and dancing performance. Dikir Barat has evolved in Singapore and is performed in schools, community events and national celebrations.

History and identity
Historically, Malays have been an important and connected part of Singapore’s early trading and cultural life. Over the centuries, Malays from different parts of the region settled here, blended with one another, and formed a diverse Malay community. Today Malays are recognized as the indigenous people of Singapore in the Constitution, with the government charged to protect their cultural and language interests.

In short, Malay Singaporeans are a diverse, closely knit community with deep roots in Singapore’s history. They maintain a distinct language, faith, and culture while taking part fully in all aspects of Singaporean life.