List of commercially available roofing materials
Roofing material is the outer layer that protects a building from rain, sun, and wind. It sits on the roof deck and is often laid over an underlayment for extra waterproofing. Materials vary based on what’s available and the roof’s supporting structure.
Common options include natural materials like thatch and slate, and manufactured products like tiles, metal, and membranes. Thatch roofs need a slope to drain water effectively, with common minimums around 2:12 (local codes vary). Slate is very durable but can be expensive, lasting decades to centuries.
Shingles are individual units that overlap to cover the roof. Tiles can be made from clay, terracotta, granite, slate, or concrete. Metal roofs are durable and come in two main types: exposed fasteners (fasteners go through the surface) and hidden fasteners (clips or adhesives).
Some materials work on low-slope roofs (below 2:12). Membrane roofs use large sheets welded or adhered into a continuous surface. Liquid roofing includes asphalt-based products like modified bitumen (APP or SBS) that are rolled or adhered to the roof. Built-up roofs (BUR) combine several plies of felt with bitumen and are usually topped with gravel or a reflective coating to protect against UV light and weather. Gravel also adds weight and helps resist wind.
Concrete roofs are made from reinforced concrete with fibers for strength.
This page was last edited on 2 February 2026, at 11:21 (CET).