Heart and dart

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Heart and dart (Agrotis exclamationis) is a common moth in the Noctuidae family, first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is found across the Palearctic region, from Ireland to Japan. The forewings vary from pale to dark brown, but it is usually recognizable by the dark stigmata that give it its name. The wingspan is 35–44 mm, and the hindwings are whitish, typically paler than some related species. A dark patch at the front of the thorax forms a horizontal bar when viewed head-on. Because color and markings vary a lot, some individuals may require examination of the genitalia to confirm identification. The moth flies at night from May to July and is attracted to light, also visiting nectar-rich flowers such as Buddleia, ragwort, and red valerian.

The caterpillar is grey-brown, lighter on the underside, with a pale dorsal line and distinct black warts. The pupa is bright red. The larvae feed on many wild and cultivated plants and are known as serious cutworms that can damage plants at the base. The species overwinters as a full-grown larva in a soil chamber and pupates in spring.