Autonomous Government of Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government (1947–1949)
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government was created in the late Republic of China era to govern Mongolian areas under CCP leadership. Its capital was Wangye Temple, near present-day Ulanhot. On May 1, 1947, the government united eastern and western Inner Mongolia under CCP rule. Ulanhu served as Chairman and Ha Feng’a as Vice-Chairman.
It had a legislative body, the Inner Mongolia People’s Congress, and a Provisional Senate to handle laws, budgets, and appointments, with an executive leadership to run daily affairs. The government managed education, finance, transportation, and ethnic affairs, and its security included the First Cavalry Division of Inner Mongolia.
The administration issued its own currency from 1947 to 1949 to support the local economy and promoted Mongolian language, culture, and Mongolian schools, while allowing representation for Han, Hui, and Daur communities.
On December 2, 1949, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government was renamed the People’s Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and its institutions were moved to Zhangjiakou. It became part of the People’s Republic of China, with Ulanhu as the first regional chairman.
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government is noted as the first ethnic autonomous government in modern China and a model for later minority regions.
This page was last edited on 2 February 2026, at 08:38 (CET).