Phytomenadione

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Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) is a fat‑soluble vitamin found in leafy greens and some vegetable oils. It is essential for making blood clotting factors and supporting bone health. It is also known as phylloquinone or phytonadione.

What it is used for
- Treating bleeding disorders caused by too little vitamin K or by overdose of blood thinners like warfarin.
- Preventing and treating vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborns.
- Sometimes needed in conditions like obstructive jaundice to restore proper clotting.

How it is given
- By mouth or by injection under the skin (subcutaneous), into a muscle (intramuscular), or into a vein (intravenous). If given as an injection, effects can appear within about two hours.

Safety and side effects
- Generally safe when used as directed.
- Possible side effect: pain at the injection site.
- Severe allergic reactions are rare, mainly with certain intravenous preparations.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Use during pregnancy is considered safe; it is likely safe during breastfeeding.

How it works
- It helps the liver produce clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, and the proteins C and S that regulate clotting. It also supports bone health.

Dietary sources
- Green leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and some fruits.

History
- Vitamin K1 was first isolated in 1939. In 1943, Doisy and Dam were awarded the Nobel Prize for its discovery.