Paphal

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A Paphal, also spelled Pafal or Paphan, is a Meitei symbolic figure that looks like a snake or python. They come in different shapes and colors and are linked to Meitei cosmology, mythology, clan identity, and the rituals of Sanamahism in Manipur. The Paphal Lambuba is a traditional illustrated manuscript that shows 364 Paphals.

The Paphal cult is central to Meitei religion and culture. Its influence reaches visual arts, architecture, pottery, martial arts, and performing arts, showing how the symbol is woven into everyday life. The seven Meitei clans (yek-salai) each have a color, and these colors appear in Paphal images for the clans.

Paphals are believed to have supernatural powers. They often include mystic symbols, Meitei alphabets, and sacred hymns inside or around the figure. In the past, Paphal drawings were placed above the main door of homes to ward off evil spirits.

A typical Paphal shows a snake biting its own tail, an ouroboros-like image that represents the cycle of life, the unity of creator and creation, and universal harmony. The twisted body is seen as the union of male and female as sources of life.

Paphals are broadly classified into three types: 1) Tail-biting pythons, which symbolize serenity and cosmic order; 2) Non-tail-biting pythons, which express fear, aggression, or disturbance; and 3) Other belly-crawling creatures like lizards, which traditional texts such as Ningthou fi Saba say were once considered kinds of pythons.

The head position of the Paphal creates three subtypes. In traditional Meitei martial arts, different Paphal patterns guide body movements with spears for offensive or defensive actions.

During Lai Haraoba, ritual leaders (maiba), priestesses (maibi), and pena sakpa (musicians) perform a dance that mirrors the curves of the Paphal to invite prosperity and well-being for the community and future generations.