List of contemporary ethnic groups of South America

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This is a list of contemporary ethnic groups in South America. Classifying ethnic groups is debated. An ethnic group usually shares ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect, and cultural traditions such as religion, myths, rituals, food, and dress. Because culture is broad, groups can have subgroups, and different sources may recognize them as separate groups or not. For this list, South America is defined by commonly used geographic boundaries. The groups named here are considered ethnic groups, not ethno-linguistic families, national groups, or racial categories.