Adolf Böhm

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Adolf Böhm (January 20, 1873 – April 4, 1941) was a Bohemian-born historian and Zionist leader. Born in Teplitz to a Jewish family, he moved to Vienna as a child where his father ran a successful textile factory and Böhm worked in the family business. He initially joined the socialist Austrian Fabian Society but switched to Zionism in 1905. He attended the Conference of Austrian Zionists in Krakow in 1906 and the Zionist Congress in The Hague in 1907. After visiting Palestine in 1907, he became a leader of the Practical Zionist faction and served on the Zionist General Council, the Vienna Jewish Community (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien), and the Jewish National Fund. He wrote Die Zionistische Bewegung (1922; expanded 1935–37), a history of the Zionist movement up to 1925, and edited the German monthly Palästina from 1910 until Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938.

Böhm was killed in the Nazi euthanasia program at the Hartheim Euthanasia Centre in 1941. His wife Olga (Lemberger) was deported to Theresienstadt in 1942 and murdered at Auschwitz in 1944. Their two children escaped to North America and Australia.