FUNDC1

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FUNDC1 is a human protein produced by the FUNDC1 gene on the X chromosome (human Xp11.3) and has a corresponding version in mice on the X chromosome. It sits in the outer membrane of mitochondria and plays a role in autophagy, especially mitophagy—the process cells use to recycle damaged mitochondria.

What it does
- Helps regulate autophagy, including the selective removal of mitochondria (mitophagy).
- Participates in the cell’s response to hypoxia (low oxygen) and other stresses.
- Binds other proteins as part of the autophagy machinery.

Where it is found
- Expressed in many tissues, with notably high levels in heart muscle (left ventricle) and certain brain regions. It is also present in other tissues such as the right atrium, oocytes, hypothalamus, and various brain areas.

Conservation
- FUNDC1 has a mouse counterpart (ortholog) with similar function, indicating its important role across species.