Microsoft Windows version history
Microsoft Windows started in the mid-1980s as a simple graphical shell for MS-DOS. Windows 1.0 (1985) added basic windows and a few built‑in programs, but it wasn’t a full operating system. Windows 2.0 (1987) brought more memory and improvements to the windowing system. Windows 3.0 and 3.1 (early 1990s) helped Windows become a real desktop environment with better multitasking, and Windows for Workgroups added networking.
At the same time, Microsoft was building a separate Windows NT line for business and servers. NT began with NT 3.1 (1993) and moved through NT 3.5, 3.51, and NT 4.0 (1996), introducing a true 32‑bit architecture and a modern file system. Windows 2000 (2000) merged some features from Windows 9x with NT, adding Active Directory and NTFS support for consumer use.
For everyday users, Windows 95 (1995) introduced the Start menu and taskbar and moved toward a more complete operating system. Windows 98 (1998) added USB support and Plug and Play, while Windows Me (2000) introduced System Restore but remained the last DOS‑based Windows version.
Windows XP (2001) finally unified the Windows 9x and NT lines into one product that combined stability with a friendly look. XP stayed popular for many years and got several service packs. Windows Vista (2007) focused on security and graphics (Aero) but faced performance criticisms. Windows 7 (2009) improved speed and usability and became widely loved.
Windows 8 (2012) changed the look with a Start screen and touch‑oriented apps, which many users disliked. Windows 8.1 (2013) brought refinements. Windows 10 (2015) answered with a redesigned Start menu, a windowed version of universal apps, and the idea of Windows as a service with frequent updates.
Windows 11 (2021) refreshed the design with a centered taskbar, a new Start, rounded corners, and a redesigned Microsoft Store. It also added Android app compatibility through the Amazon Appstore, though this has evolved over time.
Windows Server editions followed the same general arc for businesses, including Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2019, and 2022, built on the Windows 10/11 codebase to support networks and data centers. Windows Server 2025 continues the server line’s development.
Today, Windows runs on most desktop and laptop computers and continues to evolve with new features that balance security, usability, and performance.
This page was last edited on 2 February 2026, at 10:19 (CET).