Maqaduniya

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Maqaduniya is a medieval Egyptian region that included Fustat, Ain Shams, Giza, and Memphis. It’s not clear if this Egyptian Maqaduniya is connected to the Balkan region that has the same name. The scholar Yaqut al-Hamawi said that Maqaduniya was the ancient Egyptian name for Misr (Egypt) in Greek. Paul Casanova suggested a link between Maqaduniya and an ancient Memphis name, Makha-to-ui, meaning “Scales of the Two Lands.” Another idea ties Maqaduniya to the Mokattam Hills, based on a name linked to the Horus–Atum deity Hor-em-akhet-Atum (Horus of the Horizon–Atum), a name also found in Harmachis, a Sphinx name.