Jugular foramen syndrome

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Jugular foramen syndrome (Vernet’s syndrome) happens when the nerves that pass through the jugular foramen are damaged. The affected nerves are usually the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and accessory (XI) nerves, and sometimes the hypoglossal (XII). Because these nerves control swallowing, voice, and neck/shoulder movement, people may have trouble swallowing, hoarseness, a weak gag reflex, and shoulder weakness. Tongue problems can occur if XII is involved. Symptoms vary depending on which nerves are affected.