Boreus

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Boreus, known as winter scorpionflies, is the most diverse group in the family Boreidae. They are related to true scorpionflies and prefer cold places. Boreus species are dark and only 3–5 millimeters long. They have very small or nonfunctional wings: males have strap-like wings, while females have short stubs. Females also have a pointed ovipositor. Both sexes have an elongated head with a long rostrum. The larvae are grub-like, mostly hairless, and lack prolegs.

Boreus live across the Holarctic region in boreal forests and high mountains. They are well adapted to cold environments and are often found on the surface of snow. They cannot fly but can hop or jump. Both adults and larvae feed on moss. In mating, the male uses his hard wing straps to grasp the female and lift her onto his back. There are 27 Boreus species.